Abstract: tract

Abstract: A number of estimates of global surface temperature sensitivity to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide to 600 ppm are collected here and critically reviewed. The assumptions and formulations that lead to differences ...

Abstract: The effect of variation in cloudiness on the climate is considered in terms of 1) a relation between the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system and variations in the amount of cloud cover or effective cloud top ...

Abstract: Over the years many claims have been made of relationships between climate and volcanic dust veils or sunspots. Sunspot proponents have claimed significant climatic variations on the time scales of 11 years, 22 years, and ...

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Abstract: General Circulation Models (GCM's) of the earth's atmosphere have been frequently used to test different mechanisms for climate change. Typically, these tests involve comparing the statistics of the model with a prescribed ...

Abstract: The neglect of multiple reflections between clouds and the earth's surface leads to an underestimate of the downward flux of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface. This underestimate is most pronounced in regions ...

Abstract: The energy-transport parameterization of Budyko (1969), which was devised to parameterize mean annual net radiation as a function of zonally averaged surface temperature, is subjected to verification with seasonal transport ...

Abstract: Most climate impact studies rely on changes in means of meteorological variables, such as temperature, to estimate potential climate impacts, including effects on agricultural production. However, extreme meteorological ...

Abstract: tract