Abstract: Bridges are among the most important structures for human civilization. Bridge safety is therefore an ongoing concern of engineers. Scouring of river beds due to blocking of downstream current by the bridge pier is one of ...

Abstract: The seismic design code of India follows the traditional force-based approach for designing buildings to resist a lateral force representing earthquake excitations. Owing to various limitations of this approach, there is ...

Abstract: A damage index study is necessary for evaluating the post-earthquake health of structures, and it is also required in performance based seismic design (PBSD), where engineers can design a structure for desired predefined ...