Abstract: To reduce the floor-to-floor height, the technical, economical, and convenient (TEC) beam is developed as a new composite beam composed of structural tee, horizontal top stud, precast concrete, stirrup, and cast-in-place ...

Abstract: As the number of high-rise buildings increases, the floor-to-floor height has been considered as a significant component due to limited city areas. To reduce the floor-to-floor height, a newly developed composite beam using ...

Abstract: In recent years, the number of tall buildings being constructed has been rapidly increasing worldwide. Some buildings have been constructed with triangular exterior structural members, known as diagrid systems, which have ...