Abstract: Wakes behind 2D fences and 3D obstacles are reviewed with special emphasis on reduced mean wind speeds and sheltering effects. Based partly on Perera's study of wakes behind 2D fences, and assuming a Gaussian spread for ...

Abstract: A 34% reduction in 10-m wind speeds at Sudbury Airport in Ontario, Canada, over the period 1975?95 appears to be a result of significant changes in the surface roughness of the surrounding area that are due to land restoration ...