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Diurnal Temperature Corrections for Rawinsonde Humidity Sensors
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Night-minus day-measured relative humidity differences are used to calculate mean temperature differences between the hygristor of the U.S. National Weather Service rawinsondes and the ambient air. Calculations are made ...
Effect of Synoptic Systems on the Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) represents the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic region. In the present study, the role of the synoptic systems (cyclones and anticyclones) in generating ...
Relative Humidity in Tropical Weather Systems
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Relative humidity and temperature information is presented for satellite-observed western Pacific and West Indies summertime cloud clusters, cloud cluster environments, clear regions, typhoons, and pre-typhoon cloud clusters. ...
Scale-Dependent Reconstruction of the NAO Index
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A method is presented to reconstruct decadal variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The spectral characteristics of the NAO on time scales of decades and longer are of particular interest for the understanding ...
Climatology and Interannual Variability in the Intensity of Synoptic-Scale Processes in the North Atlantic from the NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis Data
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: North Atlantic synoptic-scale processes are analyzed by bandpassing 6-hourly NCEP?NCAR reanalysis data (1958?98) for several synoptic ranges corresponding to ultrahigh-frequency variability (0.5?2 days), synoptic-scale ...
Latent Heat Flux over the North Atlantic Ocean—A Case Study
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Nimbus-7 SMMR data and ship observations are combined to compute the latent heat flux using the bulk aerodynamic method. Sea surface temperature (SST) and the surface humidity are determined with the microwave data. The ...
Estimation of the Impact of Sampling Errors in the VOS Observations on Air–Sea Fluxes. Part II: Impact on Trends and Interannual Variability
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Using the same approach as in Part I, here it is shown how sampling problems in voluntary observing ship (VOS) data affect conclusions about interannual variations and secular changes of surface heat fluxes. The largest ...
Estimation of the Impact of Sampling Errors in the VOS Observations on Air–Sea Fluxes. Part I: Uncertainties in Climate Means
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Sampling uncertainties in the voluntary observing ship (VOS)-based global ocean?atmosphere flux fields were estimated using the NCEP?NCAR reanalysis and ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) as well as seasonal forecasts without ...
Estimating Longwave Net Radiation at Sea Surface from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A neural network is used to calculate the longwave net radiation (Lnet) at the sea surface from measurements of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The neural network applied in this study is able to account largely ...
Determination of Cloud Liquid Water Path over the Oceans from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) Data Using Neural Networks
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A neural network (NN) has been developed in order to retrieve the cloud liquid water path (LWP) over the oceans from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data. The retrieval with NNs depends crucially on the SSM/I ...