Abstract: A land-surface model is linked to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM Model II to form Model II-LS. The land-surface model primarily influences the simulation of surface air temperature over land, both in ...

Abstract: The current generation of land-surface models used in GCMs view the soil column as the fundamental hydrologic unit. While this may be effective in simulating such processes as the evolution of ground temperatures and the ...

Abstract: his paper describes a time-sensitive approach to climate change projections that was developed as part of New York City?s climate change adaptation process and that has provided decision support to stakeholders from 40 ...

Abstract: A new approach to simulating the urban environment with a mesocale model has been developed to identify efficient strategies for mitigating increases in surface air temperatures associated with the urban heat island (UHI). ...

Abstract: This study of New York City, New York's, heat island and its potential mitigation was structured around research questions developed by project stakeholders working with a multidisciplinary team of researchers. Meteorological, ...

Abstract: ship between Earth scientists and institutional stewards is helping the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) prepare for a changing climate and growing climate-related vulnerabilities. An important part of ...