Abstract: The distortions to the image and spectrum of a star being observed during occultation from a satellite are discussed. The primary distortions are shown to be due to refractive dispersion, small and large particle scattering, ...

Abstract: A time-dependent model that simulates the interaction of a thunderstorm with its electrical environment is introduced. The model solves the continuity equation of the Maxwell current density that includes conduction, ...

Abstract: A general circulation model has been developed for the atmosphere above 97 km. It uses a 5° latitude ? 5° longitude grid and 24 vertical levels in increments of 0.5 scale height. The prognostic variables are horizontal ...

Abstract: The mean meridional circulation and latitudinal variation of temperature in the thermosphere are considered for equinox conditions. With regard to these parameters there have been serious discrepancies between observational ...

Abstract: The mean meridional circulation and latitudinal variation of temperature in the thermosphere are calculated for solstice conditions. The heat and momentum sources that drive the thermospheric circulation are solar EUV and ...

Abstract: A model system is established that includes three interactive components: a dynamics model, a turbulence model, and a chemistry model. The dynamics model solves the two-dimensional, nonlinear, nonhydrostatic, compressible, ...

Abstract: Departures from a mean global-scale ionization distribution are commonly found in the ionospheric F region. Global-scale winds experience an acceleration where the ion drag is locally less than its global-scale smooth value ...