Abstract: Ground-based measurements of global and direct solar radiation were obtained in conditions when only isolated, approximately cubic cumulus clouds were present. The angular distribution of downward scattered radiation was ...

Abstract: For solar energy system design purposes, observations of solar radiation on a horizontal surface must be converted to values on a tilted energy collector. An empirical conversion relationship, introduced by Liu and Jordan ...

Abstract: Appropriate scenarios of future climate must be developed prior to any assessment of the impacts of climate change. Information needed was examined in consultation with those having experience in scenario use. Most assessors ...

Abstract: The frequency distributions of thunderstorm durations were analyzed for 30 years at 36 stations in the United States in order to develop an appropriate summarizing statistic for durations. The incomplete gamma function ...

Abstract: A spectrophotometer was used to determine surface emissivity of water samples in a laboratory. The results confirm a previous field result that emissivity is independent of water composition and is approximately equal to ...

Abstract: Field determinations of surface emissivity and temperature were carried out at the western end of Lake Ontario between July and November 1969. Emissivity was obtained from infrared thermometer measurements using an aluminum ...