Abstract: Circular reinforced concrete highway bridge piers, designed in accordance with the requirements of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in the U.S., New Zealand, and Japanese specifications, are experimentally ...

Abstract: Recent earthquakes such as Loma Prieta, Northridge, and Kobe have demonstrated a need for a new design philosophy of bridge piers that avoids damage in order to ensure postearthquake serviceability and reduce financial loss.