Abstract: The normalized backscatter, σ0, observed by an altimeter at its Ku band is used to infer wind speed above the ocean surface, and for the dual-frequency TOPEX altimeter, algorithms exist to calculate wind stress and rainfall ...

Abstract: Altimeter waveform data over the oceans are routinely processed to give sea surface height, h, significant wave height, Hs, and normalized signal strength, σ0 (from which wind speed is inferred). The onboard processing of ...

Abstract: The predominant effect of rain on altimeter data is through the attenuation it causes of radar pulses propagating through it. Both the ERS-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon have recorded sharp decreases in the observed backscatter σ0, ...

Abstract: The retroflections of the East Madagascar Current and Agulhas Current are complex rapidly evolving systems, the latter controlling the passage of warm salty water from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The TRMM Microwave ...

Abstract: An investigation into a potentially important, but little-studied effect on altimeter data?rain contamination?has been carried out using ERS-1. The method involves identifying large changes in the radar backscatter coefficient ...