Abstract: In this work, finite-element models of four typical bridge construction stages were established via OpenSees (version 3.4.0) software using the Tonghe Songhua River Highway Bridge as a case study, and the OpenSees model ...

Abstract: In contrast with its strong compressive performance and durability, the low tensile strength of concrete often leads to a range of issues during long-term application, including deformation, cracking, and even fracturing ...