Abstract: he ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1900?2010) assimilates surface pressure and marine wind observations. The reanalysis is single-member, and the background errors are spatiotemporally varying, derived from ...

Abstract: tellite data rescue activities uncover dormant records of our recent past. Unavailable back then, powerful methods enable today to assess and utilize early images and soundings for climate studies.

Abstract: AbstractGlobal dynamical reanalyses of the atmosphere and ocean fundamentally rely on observations, not just for the assimilation (i.e., for the definition of the state of the Earth system components) but also in many other ...