Abstract: Restoring boundary conditions are often used to drive ocean general circulation models. As typically such conditions impose time lags and amplitude errors in the seasonal cycle of the model surface tracer fields. Restoring ...

Abstract: The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is a decadal to interdecadal fluctuation of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific. Previous works have shown that during individual El Niño and La Niña winters, atmospheric ...

Abstract: The authors identify spatial and temporal scales in a one-dimensional linear, diffusive atmospheric energy balance model coupled everywhere to a slab mixed layer of fixed depth. Mathematically, the model is identical to a ...

Abstract: The convective building of a pycnocline is examined using a two-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical model forced by a balanced salinity dipole (source and sink). Although the forcing fields are steady, the model develops ...

Abstract: The convective building of a pycnocline is examined using a laboratory model forced by surface fluxes of saline water at one end and fresh water at the other. A deep recirculation evolves in the tank, which homogenizes the ...

Abstract: he effect of human-induced climate warming on different snow measures in the western United States is compared by calculating the time required to achieve a statistically significant linear trend in the different measures, ...

Abstract: The variability of the ocean?s thermohaline circulation in an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) coupled to a two-dimensional atmospheric energy balance model (EBM) is examined. The EBM calculates air temperatures ...

Abstract: The physical mechanisms causing century-scale Southern Ocean thermohaline oscillations in a primitive equation oceanic general circulation model are described. The oscillations have been shown to occur on a 320-year timescale ...

Abstract: A systematic analysis of North Pacific decadal variability in a full-physics coupled ocean?atmosphere model is executed. The model is an updated and improved version of the coupled model studied by Latif and Barnett. ...

Abstract: Connections between the tropical and midlatitude Pacific on decadal timescales are examined using a 137-yr run of a fully coupled ocean?atmosphere general circulation model. It is shown that the model does a credible job ...