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RISCigarette Smoke Exposure Impairs Fracture Healing in a Rat Model: Preferential Impairment of Endochondral Over Membranous Healing
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Abstract: Background: Cigarette smoking adversely affects fracture repair, causing delayed healing or nonunion rates twice those seen in nonsmokers. Purpose: We sought to investigate if cigarette smoke differentially affects ...