Abstract: The research focused on determining the effect of fresh and hardened properties of paste, mortar, and concrete using high Si-Al-Na–containing pumice as a supplementary cementitious material. Three crushed and sieved powder ...

Abstract: Shear walls are subjected to biaxial in-plane stresses when resisting seismic or wind loadings. Vertical tensile cracking reduces the compressive strength of walls in a direction normal to the tensile strain. This has been ...