Abstract: Sharp open channel bend flows are highly three-dimensional because of the combined effects of secondary flow, large free-surface variations, and flow separation along the inner bend wall. A comprehensive analysis was ...

Abstract: Sharp open-channel bends are commonly encountered in hydraulic engineering design. Disturbances such as secondary flows and flow separation caused by the bend may persist for considerable distances in the downstream channel. ...

Abstract: This paper studies laboratory open-channel confluences using a 3D, elliptic solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, including a method for approximating the effects of water surface elevation patterns ...