Abstract: Free jets are important flow phenomena from outflow structures of dams and reservoirs. The basic case of jet flow originates from a free overfall with upstream critical flow conditions and a fully ventilated nappe. In this ...

Abstract: A developing boundary layer starts at the spillway crest until it reaches the free surface at the so-called inception point, where the natural air entrainment is initiated. A detailed reanalysis of the turbulent velocity ...

Abstract: Weirs used for water discharge measurement in open-channel systems normally operate under free-flow conditions, for which the specific energy reaches a minimum at the weir crest. This type of transitional open-channel flow ...

Abstract: The study and computation of free surface flows is of paramount importance in hydraulic and irrigation engineering. These flows are computed using mass and momentum conservation equations, their solutions exhibiting special ...

Abstract: One-dimensional (1D) hydraulic models for phreatic aquifers are commonly based on Dupuit’s approximation for near-horizontal flows. In the past, improved 1D models were developed by inclusion of streamline curvature in the ...