Abstract: A mathematical programming model for the least-cost design of a wastewater treatment plant is presented for the preliminary screening of projects. This model represents the treatment plant as a network of unit processes ...

Abstract: A computationally efficient two‐stage method for the optimal design of branched water distribution networks on flat terrain is proposed. In the initial stage, the Lagrange multiplier method is used to obtain continuous ...

Abstract: This paper proposes a heuristic method to obtain a least‐cost water distribution network design with a given reliability. The method first attempts an optimal design using a model without the consideration of reliability. ...

Abstract: A chance‐constrained model is proposed for the problem of finding the economically optimal treatment efficiency at each of several waste dischargers along a river basin while maintaining risks of stream quality violation ...

Abstract: A chance constrained model is proposed, in which the main stream, tributaries, and storm water are considered as random variables to determine the most economical level of wastewater treatment at each discharge city or ...