Abstract: This paper presents results from a single-layer, shallow-water, 100-day model integration that reproduces many features of the wintertime stratosphere, particularly in the tropics, more realistically than earlier single-layer ...

Abstract: Several different kinds of accurate potential vorticity (PV) inversion operators, and the associated balanced models, are tested for the shallow water equations on a hemisphere in an attempt to approach the ultimate ...

Abstract: The ultimate limitations of the balance, slow-manifold, and potential vorticity inversion concepts are investigated. These limitations are associated with the weak but nonvanishing spontaneous-adjustment emission, or ...