Abstract: This paper presents results from a single-layer, shallow-water, 100-day model integration that reproduces many features of the wintertime stratosphere, particularly in the tropics, more realistically than earlier single-layer ...

Abstract: Several different kinds of accurate potential vorticity (PV) inversion operators, and the associated balanced models, are tested for the shallow water equations on a hemisphere in an attempt to approach the ultimate ...

Abstract: The ultimate limitations of the balance, slow-manifold, and potential vorticity inversion concepts are investigated. These limitations are associated with the weak but nonvanishing spontaneous-adjustment emission, or ...

Abstract: The stratospheric sudden warming in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in September 2002 was unexpected for two reasons. First, planetary wave activity in the Southern Hemisphere is very weak, and midwinter warmings have never ...