Abstract: For centuries, metals and materials have been characterized using a traditional method called a uniaxial tension test. The data acquired from this test found to be adequate for operations of simple forming where one axis ...

Abstract: The tube flaring process has been traditionally used to expand one end of a tube without changing its crosssectional area. This simple process typically forms the product using a single punch. To delay failure and enhance ...

Abstract: Traditionally, the mechanical properties of materials have been characterized using the uniaxial tension test. This test is considered adequate for simple forming operations where single axis loading is dominant. Previous ...