Abstract: A clear association between large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes of positive polarity and sprites and elves in the stratosphere and mesosphere has been previously demonstrated. This paper reports on the ...

Abstract: A variety of storm top electrical discharges have been observed using several types of low-light imagers, film, and the human eye. Recently, a video recorded an unprecedented, bright blue upward discharge from a tropical ...

Abstract: Over a decade of monitoring mesospheric transient luminous events (TLEs) above U.S. high plains storms confirmed sprites are almost exclusively associated with positive polarity cloud-to-ground lightning (+CGs). Following ...