Abstract: Bubble functions are finite element shapes that are zero on the boundary of the element, but are nonzero at the other points. They have been hitherto used to augment finite element formulations to obtain rapid convergence. ...

Abstract: In this research, concrete beams were strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate strips that were placed in precut grooves on the concrete surface. Five simple-span RC beams were tested. Among these ...