Abstract: Previous studies on concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns (CFDSTCs) have demonstrated a superior axial performance when outer steel tubes are reinforced with steel stiffeners. As a result, recommendations for stiffener ...

Abstract: The research on cold-formed steel (CFS) built-up columns, which has grown over the past decade, has been instrumental in developing new CFS built-up columns with transversely spaced chords, demonstrating better axial ...