Abstract: Diaphragm walls are built to exclude earth and water from an area so that work may be performed under reasonably dry conditions. The range of applications for diaphragm walls includes earth-retaining and load-bearing walls ...

Abstract: Many construction systems have been used to build several highway bridges and elevated roads in Egypt. Recently, the stepping shuttering system has been used in Egypt for cast-in-place concrete bridge. This system is most ...

Abstract: Many techniques are used in practice to construct underwater foundations, including caissons and piled foundations. The main challenge of underwater construction is cutting off water seepage so as to always provide dry ...