Abstract: Wind speed measurements obtained from ship-mounted anemometers are biased by the presence of the ship, which distorts the airflow to the anemometer. Previous studies have simulated the flow over detailed models of individual ...

Abstract: The effects of flow distortion created by the ship?s hull and superstructure bias wind speed measurements made from anemometers located on ships. Flow distortion must be taken into account if accurate air?sea flux measurements ...

Abstract: aves and wave breaking play a significant role in the air?sea exchanges of momentum, sea spray aerosols, and trace gases such as CO2, but few direct measurements of wave breaking have been obtained in the open ocean (far ...