Abstract: he mean state, variability, and extreme variability of the stratospheric polar vortices, with an emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) vortex, are examined using two-dimensional moment analysis and extreme value theory ...

Abstract: strong link exists between stratospheric variability and anomalous weather patterns at the earth?s surface. Specifically, during extreme variability of the Arctic polar vortex termed a ?weak vortex event,? anomalies can ...

Abstract: ith extreme variability of the Arctic polar vortex being a key link for stratosphere?troposphere influences, its evolution into the twenty-first century is important for projections of changing surface climate in response ...

Abstract: AbstractGiven the Paris Agreement it is imperative there is greater understanding of the consequences of limiting global warming to the target 1.5° and 2°C levels above preindustrial conditions. It is challenging to quantify ...

Abstract: In the United Kingdom, where 90% of residents are projected to live in urban areas by 2050, projecting changes in urban heat islands (UHIs) is essential to municipal adaptation. Increased summer temperatures are linked to ...

Abstract: AbstractThe vertical coupling between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is diagnosed from polar cap temperatures averaged over 60°?90°N with a new method: the joint occurrence of a warm stratosphere at 10 hPa and a cold ...