Abstract: A set of numerical simulations with a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model is used to investigate the behavior of the atmospheric flow past idealized isolated mountains in the presence of an environmental critical level ...

Abstract: The direct impact of mountain waves on the atmospheric circulation is due to the deposition of wave momentum at critical levels, or levels where the waves break. The first process is treated analytically in this study ...

Abstract: The analytical model proposed by Teixeira, Miranda, and Valente is modified to calculate the gravity wave drag exerted by a stratified flow over a 2D mountain ridge. The drag is found to be more strongly affected by the ...

Abstract: hree different complexity snow schemes implemented in the ECMWF land surface scheme Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme of Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) are evaluated within the EC-EARTH climate model. The snow schemes ...

Abstract: he drag produced by 2D orographic gravity waves trapped at a temperature inversion and waves propagating in the stably stratified layer existing above are explicitly calculated using linear theory, for a two-layer atmosphere ...

Abstract: A new snow scheme for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land surface model has been tested and validated. The scheme includes a new parameterization of snow density, incorporating a liquid water ...

Abstract: An analytical model is developed to predict the surface drag exerted by internal gravity waves on an isolated axisymmetric mountain over which there is a stratified flow with a velocity profile that varies relatively slowly ...

Abstract: Internal gravity waves generated in two-layer stratified shear flows over mountains are investigated here using linear theory and numerical simulations. The impact on the gravity wave drag of wind profiles with constant ...