Abstract: Numerous models have been developed in recent years to provide predictions of the state of the El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Predictions of the ENSO phenomenon are usually presented in deterministic form, ...

Abstract: Cluster analysis is a technique frequently used in climatology for grouping cases to define classes (synoptic types or climate regimes, for example), or for grouping stations or grid points to define regions. Cluster ...