Abstract: Planning and estimating earthmoving operations rely on the ability to collect field data and analyze operations. Two recent developments have dramatically changed the methods used and the results obtained in this process. ...

Abstract: The technological advancement of earthmoving equipment during the 20th century includes the introduction of at least seven completely new forms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the introduction of five new forms ...

Abstract: The systems that historically have been used to collect data for time studies of construction operations are manual in nature and limited to the observer’s field of view. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology incorporated ...

Abstract: The technical advancement of earthmoving equipment during the 20th century includes many improvements in key parts of machines. This paper uses five systems that make up earthmoving equipment (implement, traction, structure, ...