Abstract: Efficiency and accuracy of a co-simulation may considerably be increased by using a variable communication-time grid. Therefore, an error estimator for controlling the macro-step size is required. Here, error estimators ...

Abstract: Solar radiation information is used in crop growth, boundary layer, entomological and plant pathological models, and in determining the potential use of active and passive solar energy systems. Yet solar radiation is among ...

Abstract: Various methods for solving systems of differential-algebraic equations (DAE systems) are known from literature. Here, an alternative approach is suggested, which is based on a collocated constraints approach (CCA). The ...

Abstract: We consider implicit co-simulation and solver-coupling methods, where different subsystems are coupled in time domain in a weak sense. Within such weak coupling approaches, a macro-time grid (communication-time grid) is ...

Abstract: The interactions between the soil, biosphere, and atmosphere (ISBA) land surface parameterization scheme has been modified to include soil ice. The liquid water equivalent volumetric ice content is modeled using two ...

Abstract: AbstractForecast errors with respect to wind, temperature, moisture, clouds, and precipitation largely correspond to the limited capability of current Earth system models to capture and simulate land?atmosphere feedback. ...

Abstract: A field campaign was carried out near Boardman, Oregon, to study the effects of subgrid-scale variability of sensible-and latent-heat fluxes on surface boundary-layer properties. The experiment involved three U.S. Department ...