Abstract: Acoustic echoes received during snowfall have been investigated using a vertically directed echo sounder. Doppler shift analysis of the echoes indicates consistent downward motion in the range 1?2 m s?1 and thus demonstrates ...

Abstract: The scattering of a narrow-band acoustic signal from atmospheric turbulence generates an echo of randomly varying amplitude and frequency. The mean frequency of the power spectrum of this echo is of interest, as it is ...

Abstract: A 50-day time series of high-resolution temperature in the deepest layers of the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean indicates that the deep Canada Basin is a dynamically active environment, not the quiet, stable basin often ...

Abstract: he loss of Arctic sea ice has emerged as a leading signal of global warming. This, together with acknowledged impacts on other components of the Earth system, has led to the term ?the new Arctic.? Global coupled climate ...