Abstract: Mortar–concrete expanded piles are a new type of composite pile. Understanding the shear transfer characteristics of the mortar–concrete bonded interface plays an important role in the design and analysis of mortar–concrete ...

Abstract: A user-defined unsaturated modified hierarchical single-surface model is developed. The surface of this modified model is continuous and avoids the problems of multisurface models. The nonassociative flow rule, suction ...