Abstract: Models for line formation in the atmospheres of the outer planets are discussed critically. It is shown that Jupiter's cloud deck cannot he regarded as a simple reflecting surface and that scattering processes must be ...

Abstract: Calculations are described of the equilibrium velocity distributions of the photoelectrons produced in the F region by solar ionizing radiation. Detailed estimates are presented of the intensities and altitude profiles of ...

Abstract: The absorption of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sunlight by Jupiter's upper atmosphere is investigated and a detailed description is offered for the collision processes by which photoelectrons lose energy. It is argued that ...