Abstract: he large size of modern wind turbines and wind farms triggers processes above the surface layer, which extend to the junction between microscales and mesoscales, and pushes the limits of existing approaches to predict the ...

Abstract: This study uses the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations to validate a canopy model by computing a fully developed wind flow within and above a horizontally homogeneous dense forest as in the work of Dalpé and ...