Abstract: comparison of marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is presented, with attention to their seasonality, frequency of occurrence, and strength as measured by a cold air outbreak index. ...

Abstract: climatology of clouds within marine cold air outbreaks, primarily using long-term satellite observations, is presented. Cloud properties between cold air outbreaks in different regions in both hemispheres are compared. In ...

Abstract: louds strongly affect the absorption and reflection of shortwave and longwave radiation in the atmosphere. A key bias in climate models is related to excess absorbed shortwave radiation in the high-latitude Southern Ocean. ...

Abstract: deficit of shortwave cloud forcing over the Southern Ocean is persistent in many global climate models. Cloud regimes have been widely used in model evaluation studies to make a process-oriented diagnosis of cloud ...