Abstract: A three-dimensional discrete element model (DEM) was developed to simulate ice boom operation in a rectangular channel. The model simulates the motion of each individual ice floe, the interaction between adjacent floes, ...

Abstract: More than half of the commercially navigable waterways in the United States are adversely impacted at some time by ice and debris conditions that hinder operation and delay navigation. This paper describes a method of ...

Abstract: A formulation by Bagnold for the constitutive relations in dense, rapidly sheared granular flows is reexamined in light of more recent developments based on the kinetic theory of dense gases. Bagnold's formulation expressed ...