Abstract: This paper introduces an innovative structural system consisting of four-sided hyperbolic-paraboloid (hypar) roof umbrellas as hard countermeasures against nearshore hazards. The umbrellas line the coast and remain upright ...

Abstract: The legacy of structural artist Félix Candela is defined by his integration of thin hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shells within architecture across the Americas. One such form is the inverted umbrella, arising from the ...