Abstract: Conventional coagulation and sedimentation processes can be significantly disrupted by gas bubbles, attaching to, and then floating coagulant floc. This study sought to understand the fundamental factors that lead to bubble ...

Abstract: Air bubbles that form in water treatment filters create headloss and can form whenever the total dissolved gas pressure exceeds the local solution pressure. The location of potential bubble formation in filters can be ...

Abstract: Water utilities can experience problems from bubble formation during conventional treatment, including impaired particle settling, filter air binding, and measurement as false turbidity in filter effluent. Coagulation ...

Abstract: Precipitative softening is an option to remove silicon and boron from natural waters. Silicon was removed from hard waters by precipitative softening when the molar ratio of Mg:Si was less than 6:1 by the formation of an ...

Abstract: Sodium carbonate softening at pH 10.3 is a viable method of removing the inorganic contaminants arsenic, barium, chromium, strontium, and vanadium from drinking water sources. A broad survey revealed that removals varied ...

Abstract: Nitrification and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration impact leaching of lead/copper to potable water under typical home plumbing configurations. GAC filters removed the disinfectant and caused rapid establishment ...

Abstract: This paper examines the important, and oftentimes dominant, role of particles in lead and copper corrosion by-product release from stagnant pipes. For copper pipes, orthophosphate generally reduced soluble copper levels ...

Abstract: The new Enhanced Coagulation Rule requires that drinking water utilities improve the removal of natural organic matter from their water. One common method of doing so is to “enhance” the performance of existing coagulation ...

Abstract: Because utilities with hard waters tend to have higher concentrations of arsenic, removal of arsenic via precipitative softening processes was investigated in the context of the more stringent proposed arsenic regulation. ...