Abstract: Use of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening of structural elements has been gaining increased traction over the past few years. Although some research has been carried out on the behavior of CFRP-strengthened ...

Abstract: Vertical openings in beams and girders are sometimes used to facilitate the passage of essential services such as HVAC, electricity, and sewage. There is a lack of research on the effects of vertical openings on deep ...