Abstract: A three-dimensional primitive equation model is used to investigate the physical processes governing the exchanges of water between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean at the level of the Strait of Gibraltar. The ...

Abstract: An OGCM is used to investigate the importance of lateral mixing in the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation. Horizontal subgrid-scale physics is parameterized by the usual Laplacian operator. Three simulations are performed ...

Abstract: An objective and quantitative estimate of all mean annual interocean mass transfers together with a picture of the associated mean pathways is presented. The global ocean circulation transfers mass, heat, and salinity ...

Abstract: A new, non-flux-corrected, global climate model is introduced, the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), which will be used to study internal climate variability from interannual to millennial time scales and climate predictability ...

Abstract: Analyses of ocean observations and model simulations suggest that there have been considerable changes in the thermohaline circulation (THC) during the last century. These changes are likely to be the result of natural ...

Abstract: The effect of salinity on the formation of the barrier layer (BL) in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) is investigated using an ocean general circulation model. In accordance with previous studies, the runoff distribution ...

Abstract: A systematic modular approach to investigate the respective roles of the ocean and atmosphere in setting El Niño characteristics in coupled general circulation models is presented. Several state-of-the-art coupled models ...