Abstract: Landfill liner materials are required to provide reliable hydraulic performance for very long times after construction, and at least for the design lifespan of the facility. To meet this objective, liner systems must retain ...

Abstract: The commonly-used viscous damping approach, Rayleigh damping, has been shown to develop excessive damping forces in the nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of fixed-base structural systems. These forces are referred ...