Abstract: Hydraulic gradients at exits from porous media are greater than those predicted by laminar flow theory. Exit gradient effects project into the soil away from the exit interface in the manner of a backwater curve. Head ...

Abstract: The soil bedding for nonpressurized buried flexible pipes is critical for minimum-risk performance. Lack of adequate bedding reduces the strength of the pipes by a factor of 2 or more. To compensate, pipes must have high ...

Abstract: Practical methods for land grading design of a plane surface for rectangular and irregularly shaped fields based on a least squares analysis are presented. The least squares procedure leads to a system of three linear ...

Abstract: Advantages and disadvantages of the parabolic canals are described. Procedures are given for determining all design parameters for parabolic cross-sections. The changes in velocity, area and wetted perimeter depand on ...

Abstract: A volume balance approach to determine the parameters of the Kostiakov or modified Kostiakov infiltration equations in border and furrow irrigation is presented. The approach requires measured data from the advance phase, ...