Abstract: One of the objectives of data assimilation is to produce initial conditions that will improve the quality of forecasts. Studies on singular vectors and sensitivity studies have shown that small changes to the initial ...

Abstract: bserving system experiments (OSEs) are commonly used to quantify the impact of different observation types on forecasts produced by a specific numerical weather prediction system. Recently, methods based on degree of freedom ...

Abstract: The degrees of freedom for signal (DFS) is used in data assimilation applications to measure the self-sensitivity of analysis to different observation types. This paper describes a practical method to estimate the DFS of ...