Abstract: A simple theoretical analysis identified three possible interannual positive feedbacks in the extratropics: the upwelling mode, the SST-Sverdrup mode, and the SST-evaporation mode. The upwelling mode becomes unstable when ...

Abstract: A two-layer planetary geostrophic model is used to investigate the thermocline variability under a suddenly changing Ekman pumping. The effect of ventilation and the associated advection is particularly emphasized in the ...

Abstract: Thermocline variability forced by zonally uniform Ekman pumping with annual to decadal periods is investigated. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained by the method of characteristics. As found in Part I, ...

Abstract: he emerging interest in decadal climate prediction highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of decadal to interdecadal climate variability. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of our understanding ...

Abstract: A two-layer quasigeostrophic model is used to investigate the influence of stratification on the inertial recirculation in a full basin model. It is found that the barotropic transport of the inertial recirculation is ...

Abstract: The effect of annual wind migration on the inertial recirculation is investigated using quasigeostrophic models. It is found that recirculation cells can he suppressed significantly by the wind migration. The two key dynamic ...

Abstract: The probabilistic modal response of vegetation to stochastic precipitation variability is studied in a conceptual climate?ecosystem model. It is found that vegetation can exhibit bimodality in a monostable climate?ecosystem ...

Abstract: The study of a forced delayed oscillator ENSO model suggests that the intensity of ENSO can be suppressed significantly by an external periodic forcing due to the nonlinear mechanism of frequency entrainment. This suppression ...

Abstract: A coupled theory is proposed to account for the magnitude of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific. It is suggested that the Pacific Walker circulation is at a saturation state, at which the zonal sea surface ...

Abstract: A theory of tropical climatology is used to study the role of ocean in the response of tropical climatology to global warming. Special emphasis is given to the response of the west?east SST contrast along the equator. The ...