Abstract: The distribution of hydrogen compounds between 50 km and the exobase is calculated subject to the condition that the upward flux of hydrogen atoms be sufficient to supply the thermal escape flux. The effect of varying many ...

Abstract: A model for H2O, CH4, H2 and odd hydrogen is developed that properly relates the measured mixing ratios in the stratosphere to escape of H in the form of Jeans flux, charge exchange and polar wind. The resulting model ...

Abstract: The thermal escape rate of hydrogen inferred from exospheric density measurements is too low by a factor of at least 2 to accord with the mixing ratio of H2O, H2 and CH4 observed in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The ...