Abstract: Modular design is an effective approach to shorten lead-time and reduce cost for development of complex products and systems (CoPS). Because the physical details of the product are not available at the conceptual design ...

Abstract: Lithium-ion traction batteries are increasingly used in transportation, such as electric vehicles and buses. To reduce the life cycle cost of traction batteries, material recycling is a technical route that must be considered. ...

Abstract: In this study, a lithium-ion soft-pack battery used in an electric vehicle was taken as the research object. Based on the actual working condition of the traction battery, the regularity of the evolution of the overcharge ...