Abstract: A stand-alone sea ice model is tuned and validated using satellite-derived, basinwide observations of sea ice thickness, extent, and velocity from the years 1993 to 2001. This is the first time that basin-scale measurements ...

Abstract: ver Arctic sea ice, pressure ridges and floe and melt pond edges all introduce discrete obstructions to the flow of air or water past the ice and are a source of form drag. In current climate models form drag is only ...

Abstract: Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150?900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven ...