Abstract: Adhesive bonding is thought to be a suitable method for joining dissimilar materials, such as aluminum to steel in multimaterial car-body manufacturing, but when it is combined with other joining methods, such as spot ...

Abstract: One of the major challenges in spot welding of ultrathin gage steel (e.g., <0.6 mm) is the short cap life. Because of the elevated temperature developed at the electrode/sheet interface, the electrodes often require ...