Abstract: Experiments have been performed to determine the effect of loading rate and temperature on the fracture toughness of freshwater ice. A first paper (Weber and Nixon, 1996) presents the experimental ...

Abstract: By reinforcing ice with readily available alluvium, an economic building material for remote Arctic locations may be obtained. Three‐point bending tests are performed on ice reinforced with sand (

Abstract: Experiments have been performed to determine the effect of loading rate and temperature on the fracture toughness of both granular and S2 columnar freshwater ice. Loading rate was varied from ...

Abstract: A 3D numerical model, validated with data from field and laboratory measurements, is applied to simulate the flow in a 7-km-long reach of the Columbia River, upstream from Wanapum Dam, Wash. As a tool for analysis and ...